Évolution et Génétique
Virginie COURTIER-ORGOGOZO
Nos recherches portent sur les mutations responsables des changements évolutifs.
Nous utilisons une combinaison de diverses approches pour identifier les mutations responsables des changements évolutifs et pour reconstruire les événements évolutifs passés. Nous espérons que notre travail fournira des données nouvelles et rigoureuses pour mieux comprendre notre évolution, passée et future.
Mots-clés : évolution, espèces, drosophile, génome, génétique, écologie, bioadhésif, développement, QTL mapping
+33 (0)1 57 27 80 43 Contact @Biol4Ever https://courtier.ijm.fr/
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Recherche
Notre objectif est de comprendre comment et pourquoi certains traits de caractère apparaissent au cours de l’évolution.
Nous utilisons toutes les approches disponibles (génomique, biologie du développement, biochimie, tests comportementaux, génétique, etc.) pour aborder le problème.
Evolution de la colle de drosophile (PI : V. COURTIER-ORGOGOZO)
À la fin du stade larvaire, les larves de drosophile produisent une colle protéique qui permet à l’animal d’adhérer à un substrat pendant plusieurs jours au cours de la métamorphose. Nous souhaitons utiliser les puissants outils génétiques de l’organisme modèle Drosophila melanogaster pour explorer les bases moléculaires de l’adhésion à la colle des mouches. Nous voulons identifier les gènes impliqués dans l’adhésion de la colle et comprendre comment ils ont changé au cours de l’évolution pour permettre à la colle d’adhérer à divers substrats dans divers environnements. Nous avons développé un nouveau test pour quantifier l’adhésion de la colle de drosophile et nous prévoyons de mesurer l’adhésion de divers mutants et de comparer l’adhésion entre différentes populations de Drosophila melanogaster et espèces de drosophile.
Evolution de l’asymétrie gauche-droite (PI: Michael LANG)
Comment des asymétries gauche-droite de taille des organes se mettent en place au cours du développement reste un mystère. Drosophila pachea a développé une asymétrie gauche-droite unique dans les lobes de ses organes génitaux. Aucune asymétrie de taille gauche-droite n’a été décrite chez D. melanogaster. Nous essayons de découvrir les mécanismes qui déterminent le développement asymétrique des lobes et le rôle de ces lobes asymétriques pendant la copulation. Nous utilisons un stock de Drosophila pachea contenant des mâles mutants symétriques spontanés et nous effectuons des ablations-laser des soies des lobes. Nous examinons également l’effet de cette asymétrie gauche-droite sur le comportement. Nous analysons des espèces proches de D. pachea afin de comprendre comment l’asymétrie gauche-droite de taille des lobes a évolué chez D. pachea.
Evolution des parties génitales (PI: V. COURTIER-ORGOGOZO)
Nous souhaitons comprendre comment la morphologie des organes génitaux change rapidement au cours de l’évolution. Nous combinons des études de biologie du développement, génomique, génétique, génétique quantitative, génétique des populations, microchirurgie au laser et des expériences comportementales pour comprendre comment les gènes et les mécanismes cellulaires modulent la forme des organes de manière subtile et précise, et comment cela peut affecter la reproduction et l’évolution à long terme. Nous examinons les organes génitaux suivants : les soies hypandriales, les branches ventrales et les lobes postérieurs.
The origin of COVID-19
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Bases de données
Gephebase contient une liste de tous les gènes et mutations qui ont été identifiés comme contribuant à des différences phénotypiques (traits morphologiques, physiologiques et comportementaux) entre populations ou espèces pour les organismes pluricellulaires.
Article associé : Courtier-Orgogozo V, Martin A, Arnoult L, Prigent S, Wiltgen S (2020) Gephebase, a Database of Genotype-Phenotype Relationships for natural and domesticated variation in Eukaryotes. Nucleic Acid Research 48(D1), D696-D703. doi:10.1093/nar/gkz796 PDF HAL
FlyPhenomics fournit une compilation des phénotypes qui ont été rapportés comme différant entre au moins deux espèces du sous-groupe D. melanogaster. Plus de 150 différences morphologiques, physiologiques et comportementales ont été décrites entre 1919 et 2006.
FlyPNS : description du système nerveux périphérique embryonnaire et larvaire de D. melanogaster. Réalisé avec Wesley Grueber.
Article associé : Orgogozo V, Grueber WB, FlyPNS, a database of the Drosophila embryonic and larval peripheral nervous system. BMC Dev Biol. 2005 Feb 17; 5(1):4.
Membres
Membres
Emilio Valente IMAD, Intern, COURTIER LAB+33 (0)1 57 27 80 43, bureau 416B
Alexis LALOUETTE, Assistant Professor, COURTIER LAB+33 (0)1 57 27 80 83, bureau 416B- Olga MENSHIKOVA, Intern, COURTIER LAB
Isabelle NUEZ, Biology engineer, COURTIER LAB+33 (0)1 57 27 80 75, bureau 416B- Veronica Stachetti, Intern, COURTIER LAB
- Roshan Kumar VIJENDRAVARMA, Researcher, COURTIER LAB+33 (0)1 57 27 80 83, bureau 416B
Pour contacter un membre de l’équipe par mail : prenom.nom@ijm.fr
Sélection de publications
van Helden, J., Butler, C. D., Achaz, G., Canard, B., Casane, D., Claverie, J. M., … & Halloy, J. (2021). An appeal for an objective, open, and transparent scientific debate about the origin of SARS-CoV-2. The Lancet. Featured in several newspapers including il Fatto Quotidiano Daily Mail ThePrint
Peluffo AE, Hamdani M, Vargas-Valderrama A, David JR, Mallard F, Graner F, Courtier-Orgogozo V. A morphological trait involved in reproductive isolation between Drosophila sister species is sensitive to temperature. Ecology and Evolution 11(12), 7492-7506. doi: 10.1002/ece3.7580 DRYAD Supp Data BioRxiv
Borne, F., Prigent, S.R., Molet, M., Courtier-Orgogozo, V. (2021) Drosophila glue protects from predation. Proc. R. Soc. B. 288: 20210088. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2021.0088 DRYAD Supp Data BioRxiv
Actualité CNRS
Lefèvre, B.M., Catté, D., Courtier-Orgogozo, V., Lang, M. (2021) Male genital lobe morphology affects the chance to copulate in Drosophila pachea. BMC Ecol Evo 21, 23. doi: 10.1186/s12862-021-01759-z PDF
Rode N, Courtier-Orgogozo V, Débarre F. (2020) Can a population targeted by a CRISPR-based homing gene drive be rescued? G3. 10 (9), 3403-3415. doi: 10.1534/g3.120.401484 BioRxiv
Courtier-Orgogozo V, Danchin A, Gouyon PH, Boëte C (2020) Evaluating the Probability of CRISPR-based Gene Drive Contaminating Another Species. Evolutionary Applications 00:1–18. doi: 10.1111/eva.12939 BioRxiv PDF
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Borne F, Kovalev A, Gorb S, Courtier-Orgogozo V (2020) The glue produced by Drosophila melanogaster for pupa adhesion is universal. Journal of Experimental Biology 223: jeb220608 doi: 10.1242/jeb.220608 Published 23 April 2020. DRYAD BioRxiv Featured in “inside JEB“. PDF
Passion Entomologie
Courtier-Orgogozo V, Martin A (2020) The Coding Loci of Evolution and Domestication: Current Knowledge and Implications for Bio-Inspired Genome Editing. Journal of Experimental Biology 223: jeb208934. Published 7 February 2020. doi: 10.1242/jeb.208934 PDF HAL
Prigent S, Lang M, Nagy O, Acurio A, Matamoro-Vidal A, Courtier-Orgogozo and David JR (2020) Field collections reveal that São Tomé is the Afrotropical island with the highest diversity of drosophilid flies (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. doi:10.1080/00379271.2019.1703814 PDF HAL
Courtier-Orgogozo V, Martin A, Arnoult L, Prigent S, Wiltgen S (2020) Gephebase, a Database of Genotype-Phenotype Relationships for natural and domesticated variation in Eukaryotes. Nucleic Acid Research 48(D1), D696-D703. doi:10.1093/nar/gkz796 PDF HAL BioRxiv
Gavin Rice, Jean R. David, Yoshitaka Kamimura, John P. Masly, Alistair P. Mcgregor, Olga Nagy, Stéphane Noselli, Maria Daniela Santos Nunes, Patrick O’Grady, Ernesto Sánchez-Herrero, Mark L. Siegal, Masanori J. Toda*, Mark Rebeiz*, Virginie Courtier-Orgogozo*, Amir Yassin* (*: corresponding authors) (2019). Revised nomenclature and atlas of the male terminalia of Drosophila melanogaster. Fly. doi:10.1080/19336934.2019.1653733 PDF HAL preprints
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Elkin, J., Martin, A., Courtier-Orgogozo, V., & Santos, M. E. (2022). Meta-analysis of the genetic loci of pigment pattern evolution in vertebrates. bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.01.01.474697
Rice, G., David, J. R., Kamimura, Y., Masly, J. P., Mcgregor, A. P., Nagy, O., Noselli, S., Nunes, M. D. S., O’Grady, P., Sánchez-Herrero, E., Siegal, M. L., Toda, M. J., Rebeiz, M., Courtier-Orgogozo, V., & Yassin, A. (2019). A standardized nomenclature and atlas of the male terminalia of Drosophila melanogaster. Fly, 13(1–4), 51–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/19336934.2019.1653733
Matamoro-Vidal, A., Tully, T., & Courtier-Orgogozo, V. (2018). Robustness of bristle number to temperature and genetic background varies with bristle type and is regulated by miR-9a. bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/295485
Courtier-Orgogozo, V., & Martin, A. (2017). Predicting the genetic loci of past evolution. bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/205153
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Monier, M., & Courtier-Orgogozo, V. (2022). Drosophila Glue: A Promising Model for Bioadhesion. Insects, 13(8), 734. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13080734
Kitano, J., Ishikawa, A., Ravinet, M., & Courtier-Orgogozo, V. (2022). Genetic basis of speciation and adaptation: from loci to causative mutations. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 377(1855), 20200503. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0503
Courtier-Orgogozo, V., & Martin, A. (2020). The coding loci of evolution and domestication: current knowledge and implications for bio-inspired genome editing. The Journal of Experimental Biology, 223(Pt Suppl 1), jeb208934. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.208934
Rice, G., David, J. R., Kamimura, Y., Masly, J. P., Mcgregor, A. P., Nagy, O., Noselli, S., Nunes, M. D. S., O’Grady, P., Sánchez-Herrero, E., Siegal, M. L., Toda, M. J., Rebeiz, M., Courtier-Orgogozo, V., & Yassin, A. (2019). A standardized nomenclature and atlas of the male terminalia of Drosophila melanogaster. Fly, 13(1–4), 51–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/19336934.2019.1653733
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Martin, A., & Courtier-Orgogozo, V. (2017). Morphological Evolution Repeatedly Caused by Mutations in Signaling Ligand Genes. In T. Sekimura & H. F. Nijhout (Eds.), Diversity and Evolution of Butterfly Wing Patterns: An Integrative Approach (pp. 59–87). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4956-9_4
Thèses
passées : Alexandre Peluffo, Flora Borne
en cours : Manon Monier
Collaborations
International
- Andolfatto, Columbia University, USA
- Martin, Georges Washington University, USA
- Matute, Chicago University, USA
- Santos, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Schilthuizen, Leiden, Netherlands
- D.L. Stern, Janelia farm, Ashburn, USA
National
- Danchin, Paris
- Graner, Université Paris 7, Paris
- Montagné and T. Chertemps, Université Paris 6, Paris
- Morizot, Marseille
- Rode, Montpellier
- Wiltgen, Montpellier
Financement
- Labex “Who am I?”
- CNRS MITI 2020-2021 Adaptation du vivant
Actualités
19/05/2025 : Virginie Courtier-Orgogozo, Officier dans l’Ordre National du Mérite
15.12.2023 : Epidémie: la bonne «distance de sécurité» est surtout une question de culture
28.10.2023 : De-extinction, un nouvel espoir ?
21.09.2023 : EDITO. Les indispensables de Sciences et Avenir : les mystères du vivant
Emploi
L’équipe recrute :
Ingénieur / Ingénieure d’étude en biologie moléculaire et génétique de la colle de drosophile (H/F) : candidatez avant le 9 juin sur le portail CNRS emploi