Membrane Dynamics and Intracellular Trafficking
CATHY JACKSON & JEAN-MARC VERBAVATZ
Eukaryotic cells are characterized by their internal membrane compartments (organelles), which allow different cellular processes to take place in a well-adapted environment. However, in order for the cell to function as a whole, the various membrane-bound organelles, as well as the plasma membrane, must communicate through vesicular and non-vesicular trafficking. Our research focuses on intracellular lipid trafficking pathways. Their disruption leads to various human pathologies such as cancer, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases, and these pathways are also subverted for the propagation of numerous viruses, including Hepatitis C and SARS-CoV-2.
Keywords : Organelle, membrane trafficking, membrane contact site, polarity, lipid, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, plasma membrane
+33 (0)157278004 / +33 (0)157278004 cathy.jackson(at)ijm.fr / jean-marc.verbavatz(at)ijm.fr
Eukaryotic cells are characterized by their internal membrane compartments (organelles), which allow different cellular processes to take place in a well-adapted environment. However, in order for the cell to function as a whole, the various membrane-bound organelles, including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, endosomes, lipid droplets, and mitochondria, as well as the plasma membrane, communicate through vesicular and non-vesicular trafficking (Jackson, Walch and Verbavatz, 2016; Kaczmarek, Verbavatz and Jackson, 2017; Jackson 2019). In vesicular trafficking, vesicles are transported from one compartment to their target, whereas non vesicular trafficking occurs at sites of close contact between organelles, named membrane contact sites (MCS), where the membranes of both organelles come together at a distance of 10-30 nm without fusing. Lipids can be transported by both vesicular and non-vesicular routes, but maintenance of the lipid composition of membranes requires lipid transfer at MCS (Jackson, Walch and Verbavatz, 2016). Disruption of lipid trafficking pathways leads to various human pathologies such as cancer, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases, and these pathways are also subverted for the propagation of numerous viruses, including Hepatitis C and SARS-CoV-2.
Figure 1. Diagram illustrating the major organelles and membrane contact sites in a typical eukaryotic cell. ER, endoplasmic reticulum; PM, plasma membrane; LD, lipid droplet (Adapted from Jackson, Walch and Verbavatz, 2016).
We are using a multidisciplinary approach consisting of advanced imaging (light and electron microscopy, live cell imaging), biochemical approaches and proteomics analyses, to explore the following research questions:
- Arf family GTPase regulation of organelle dynamics.
Arf family proteins are crucial regulators of membrane dynamics in all eukaryotic cells, having essential functions at multiple organelles, in vesicular trafficking and at MCS. For a number of years, our group has studied the small G protein (GTPase) ADP ribosylation factor 1 (Arf1) and its activators (Donaldson and Jackson 2011), uncovering new functions for these regulators.
Organelle dynamics in cells depends on microtubule motors that bind membrane compartments through adaptor proteins and pull them towards one or the other end of a microtubule. We discovered that the small G protein Arf1 and its activator GBF1 regulate the transport of mitochondria along microtubules and their spatial organization (Walch et al. 2018).
Lipid droplets (LDs) are the major energy storage depots of eukaryotic cells, which interface with membrane trafficking pathways. Our group uncovered a crucial role of Arf1 and its regulators in recruitment of LD-associated proteins to the LD surface (Donaldson and Jackson 2011, Bouvet et al. 2013, Jackson 2019). We have also described the mechanisms by which amphipathic helix-containing proteins such as perilipins are targeted to the LD surface (Donaldson and Jackson 2011, Copic et al. 2018).
In an exciting recent development, Arf-related proteins have been identified in newly discovered archaea lineages (the Asgard archaea), suggesting that these proteins were present in the common ancestor of archaea and eukaryotes. Thus Asgard archaea appear to be the long-sought lineage from which eukaryotes emerged, i.e. the host that entered into endosymbiosis with the mitochondrial progenitor. We are collaborating with experts in bioinformatics, biophysics and structural biology, to determine if these predicted Asgard Arf-related proteins possess the hallmark features of eukaryotic Arf family GTPases, and to explore their potential roles in eukaryogenesis.
- Physiological functions of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) – organelle membrane contact sites (MCS)
Our studies have demonstrated functions of MCS in lipid transport from the ER to the plasma membrane, and their potential role in membrane growth (Moser von Filseck et al. 2015, Petkovic et al. 2014). The transport of lipids, including phosphoinositides at MCS, is an important determinant of the specific lipid composition of cell membranes (Jackson, Walch and Verbavatz, 2016), and it plays important roles in cellular rearrangements that occur during fundamental cell processes. Our group is currently studying the regulation and functions of MCS in processes such as cell division, cell migration, cell-cell contacts and apico-basal polarity and their implication in human disease.
2.1 MCS in cell division
Dramatic reorganizations of cellular organelles occur during cell division, essential for its successful completion. Improper cell division can result in numerous abnormalities, including aneuploidy and cancer. During division, membrane organelles undergo multiple steps of disassembly (nuclear membrane, Golgi apparatus…), fragmentation (mitochondria…) and spatial reorganization (mitochondria, ER…), followed by their reassembly at the end of mitosis. This is accompanied by coordinated changes in the distribution of phosphoinositides at the plasma membrane. We are studying the dynamic rearrangements of MCS in this process, the regulation of their function in lipid transport and their role in the choreography of membrane organelles during cell division.
2.2 MCS in epithelial cell polarity
The establishment and maintenance of cell polarity are crucial for the functions of epithelia, and are misregulated in human diseases such as cancer. In polarized epithelial cells, phosphoinositides are important determinants of the apical and basolateral plasma membrane identities. For example, the phosphoinositide PI(3,4,5)P3 is localized to the basolateral plasma membrane, but excluded from the apical membrane. Our goal is to decipher the role of MCS in determining the lipid composition of apical and basolateral membranes of epithelial cells and in the establishment and maintenance of cell polarity. Using cell biology approaches, we are investigating the membrane distribution of protein complexes at MCS, including lipid transfer proteins, and their function in the establishment of cell polarity.
Figure 2. Junction between two epithelial MDCK cells showing the presence of multiple ER-PM contact sites (MCS, yellow arrows in the inset, right panel). ER, endoplasmic reticulum; PM, plasma membrane. Photos, L. Daunas and V. Proux-Gillardeaux.
2.3 MCS in cell motility
Cell motility highly relies on the distribution of phosphoinositides that act as lipidic messengers mediating cytoskeleton reshaping and adhesion dynamics. We investigate the role of VAPA, an ER-resident MCS tether, during cancer cell motility processes including collective and single cell migration, cell adhesion and mecano-sensing. Using high-resolution microscopy, quantitative imaging and optogenetic tools, we intend to define in space and time how lipid exchange taking place at VAPA-mediated MCS controls cell motility.
Figure 3. A. Colon adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells migrating during a wound healing experiment. Here, a leader cell has been tracked for several hours (blue line). B. ER-PM contact sites identified by electron microscopy at the leading edge of Caco-2 migrating cells (yellow boxes). C. We use fluorescent probes to study the dynamics of MCS during cell motility. The picture has been taken at the tip of the leading edge of a migrating cell (green : ER marker ; magenta : ER-PM contact sites). Photos, M. Heuzé and H. Siegfried
Group Leaders:
Cathy JACKSON
Téléphone : +33 (0)157278004 / cathy.jackson (at) ijm.fr
Jean-Marc VERBAVATZ
Téléphone : +33 (0)157278004 / jean-marc.verbavatz (at) ijm.fr
Members :
| HEUZÉ | Mélina | Researcher |
| PROUX-GILLARDEAUX | Véronique | Researcher |
| SIEGFRIED | Hugo | PhD Student |
| VERRAES | Agathe | Assistant engineer in biology |
| ALVES | Marine | Engineer |
| VERTUEUX | Anais | PhD Student |
| FARKOUH | Georges | Postdoctorant |
| NOVAK VANCLOVA | Anna | Postdoctorante |
| BEAUCOUSIN | Julie | Master 2 |
Jackson CL. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2019 Aug;59:88-96. doi: 10.1016/j.ceb.2019.03.018. Epub 2019 May 7. PMID: 31075519 Review.
Franke C, Repnik U, Segeletz S, Brouilly N, Kalaidzidis Y, Verbavatz JM, Zerial M. Traffic. 2019 Aug;20(8):601-617. doi: 10.1111/tra.12671. PMID: 31206952
GBF1 and Arf1 interact with Miro and regulate mitochondrial positioning within cells.
Walch L, Pellier E, Leng W, Lakisic G, Gautreau A, Contremoulins V, Verbavatz JM#, Jackson CL#. Sci Rep. 2018 Nov 20;8(1):17121. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-35190-0. PMID: 30459446 #co-corresponding authors
A giant amphipathic helix from a perilipin that is adapted for coating lipid droplets.
Čopič A, Antoine-Bally S, Giménez-Andrés M, La Torre Garay C, Antonny B, Manni MM, Pagnotta S, Guihot J, Jackson CL.Nat Commun. 2018 Apr 6;9(1):1332. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-03717-8.PMID: 29626194
GBF1 and Arf1 function in vesicular trafficking, lipid homoeostasis and organelle dynamics.
Kaczmarek B, Verbavatz JM, Jackson CL. Biol Cell. 2017 Dec;109(12):391-399. doi: 10.1111/boc.201700042. Epub 2017 Nov 6. PMID: 28985001
Lipids and Their Trafficking: An Integral Part of Cellular Organization.
Jackson CL, Walch L, Verbavatz JM. Dev Cell. 2016 Oct 24;39(2):139-153. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2016.09.030. PMID: 27780039 Review.
The SNARE Sec22b has a non-fusogenic function in plasma membrane expansion.
Petkovic M, Jemaiel A, Daste F, Specht CG, Izeddin I, Vorkel D, Verbavatz JM, Darzacq X, Triller A, Pfenninger KH, Tareste D, Jackson CL#, Galli T#. Nat Cell Biol. 2014 May;16(5):434-44. doi: 10.1038/ncb2937. Epub 2014 Apr 6. PMID: 24705552 #co-corresponding authors
Targeting of the Arf-GEF GBF1 to lipid droplets and Golgi membranes.
Bouvet S, Golinelli-Cohen MP, Contremoulins V, Jackson CL.J Cell Sci. 2013 Oct 15;126(Pt 20):4794-805. doi: 10.1242/jcs.134254. Epub 2013 Aug 13.PMID: 23943872
Weber B, Greenan G, Prohaska S, Baum D, Hege HC, Müller-Reichert T, Hyman AA, Verbavatz JM.J Struct Biol. 2012 May;178(2):129-38. doi: 10.1016/j.jsb.2011.12.004. Epub 2011 Dec 13.PMID: 22182731
Pranke IM, Morello V, Bigay J, Gibson K, Verbavatz JM, Antonny B, Jackson CL. J Cell Biol. 2011 Jul 11;194(1):89-103. doi: 10.1083/jcb.201011118. PMID: 21746853
ARF family G proteins and their regulators: roles in membrane transport, development and disease.
Donaldson JG, Jackson CL.Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2011 Jun;12(6):362-75. doi: 10.1038/nrm3117. Epub 2011 May 18.PMID: 21587297
Publications since 2017
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Jackson, C. L., Ménétrey, J., Sivia, M., Dacks, J. B., & Eliáš, M. (2023). An evolutionary perspective on Arf family GTPases. Current Opinion in Cell Biology, 85, 102268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102268
Ferreras, S., Singh, N. P., Le Borgne, R., Bun, P., Binz, T., Parton, R. G., Verbavatz, J.-M., Vannier, C., & Galli, T. (2023). A synthetic organelle approach to probe SNARE-mediated membrane fusion in a bacterial host. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 102974. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102974
Lachat, J., Pascault, A., Thibaut, D., Le Borgne, R., Verbavatz, J.-M., & Weiner, A. (2022). Trans-cellular tunnels induced by the fungal pathogen Candida albicans facilitate invasion through successive epithelial cells without host damage. Nature Communications, 13(1), 3781. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-31237-z
Fernandes, P., Loubens, M., Le Borgne, R., Marinach, C., Ardin, B., Briquet, S., Vincensini, L., Hamada, S., Hoareau-Coudert, B., Verbavatz, J.-M., Weiner, A., & Silvie, O. (2022). The AMA1-RON complex drives Plasmodium sporozoite invasion in the mosquito and mammalian hosts. PLoS Pathogens, 18(6), e1010643. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1010643
Xie, J., Najafi, J., Le Borgne, R., Verbavatz, J.-M., Durieu, C., Sallé, J., & Minc, N. (2022). Contribution of cytoplasm viscoelastic properties to mitotic spindle positioning. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 119(8), e2115593119. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2115593119
Dussouchaud, A., Jacob, J., Secq, C., Verbavatz, J.-M., Moras, M., Larghero, J., Fader, C. M., Ostuni, M. A., & Lefevre, S. D. (2022). Transmission Electron Microscopy to Follow Ultrastructural Modifications of Erythroblasts Upon ex vivo Human Erythropoiesis. Frontiers in Physiology, 12, 791691. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.791691
Nedara, K., Reinhardt, C., Lebraud, E., Arena, G., Gracia, C., Buard, V., Pioche-Durieu, C., Castelli, F., Colsch, B., Bénit, P., Rustin, P., Albaud, B., Gestraud, P., Baulande, S., Servant, N., Deutsch, E., Verbavatz, J.-M., Brenner, C., Milliat, F., & Modjtahedi, N. (2022). Relevance of the TRIAP1/p53 axis in colon cancer cell proliferation and adaptation to glutamine deprivation. Frontiers in Oncology, 12, 958155. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2022.958155
Velez-Aguilera, G., Nkombo Nkoula, S., Ossareh-Nazari, B., Link, J., Paouneskou, D., Van Hove, L., Joly, N., Tavernier, N., Verbavatz, J.-M., Jantsch, V., & Pintard, L. (2020). PLK-1 promotes the merger of the parental genome into a single nucleus by triggering lamina disassembly. ELife, 9, e59510. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.59510
Jackson, C. L. (2019). Lipid droplet biogenesis. Current Opinion in Cell Biology, 59, 88–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceb.2019.03.018
Franke, C., Repnik, U., Segeletz, S., Brouilly, N., Kalaidzidis, Y., Verbavatz, J.-M., & Zerial, M. (2019). Correlative single-molecule localization microscopy and electron tomography reveals endosome nanoscale domains. Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark), 20(8), 601–617. https://doi.org/10.1111/tra.12671
Lebsir, N., Goueslain, L., Farhat, R., Callens, N., Dubuisson, J., Jackson, C. L., & Rouillé, Y. (2019). Functional and Physical Interaction between the Arf Activator GBF1 and Hepatitis C Virus NS3 Protein. Journal of Virology, 93(6), e01459-18. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01459-18
Walch, L., Pellier, E., Leng, W., Lakisic, G., Gautreau, A., Contremoulins, V., Verbavatz, J.-M., & Jackson, C. L. (2018). GBF1 and Arf1 interact with Miro and regulate mitochondrial positioning within cells. Scientific Reports, 8(1), 17121. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-35190-0
Jackson, C. L. (2018). Membrane Trafficking: A Little Flexibility Helps Vesicles Get into Shape. Current Biology, 28(12), R706–R709. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2018.04.068
Magliozzi, R., Carrero, Z. I., Low, T. Y., Yuniati, L., Valdes-Quezada, C., Kruiswijk, F., van Wijk, K., Heck, A. J. R., Jackson, C. L., & Guardavaccaro, D. (2018). Inheritance of the Golgi Apparatus and Cytokinesis Are Controlled by Degradation of GBF1. Cell Reports, 23(11), 3381-3391.e4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2018.05.031
Čopič, A., Antoine-Bally, S., Giménez-Andrés, M., La Torre Garay, C., Antonny, B., Manni, M. M., Pagnotta, S., Guihot, J., & Jackson, C. L. (2018). A giant amphipathic helix from a perilipin that is adapted for coating lipid droplets. Nature Communications, 9(1), 1332. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03717-8
Farhat, R., Ankavay, M., Lebsir, N., Gouttenoire, J., Jackson, C. L., Wychowski, C., Moradpour, D., Dubuisson, J., Rouillé, Y., & Cocquerel, L. (2018). Identification of GBF1 as a cellular factor required for hepatitis E virus RNA replication. Cellular Microbiology, 20(1), e12804. https://doi.org/10.1111/cmi.12804
Jackson, C. L. (2018). Activators and Effectors of the Small G Protein Arf1 in Regulation of Golgi Dynamics During the Cell Division Cycle. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 6, 29. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2018.00029
Kaczmarek, B., Verbavatz, J.-M., & Jackson, C. L. (2017). GBF1 and Arf1 function in vesicular trafficking, lipid homoeostasis and organelle dynamics. Biology of the Cell, 109(12), 391–399. https://doi.org/10.1111/boc.201700042
Laband, K., Le Borgne, R., Edwards, F., Stefanutti, M., Canman, J. C., Verbavatz, J.-M., & Dumont, J. (2017). Chromosome segregation occurs by microtubule pushing in oocytes. Nature Communications, 8(1), 1499. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01539-8
Müller, A., Neukam, M., Ivanova, A., Sönmez, A., Münster, C., Kretschmar, S., Kalaidzidis, Y., Kurth, T., Verbavatz, J.-M., & Solimena, M. (2017). A Global Approach for Quantitative Super Resolution and Electron Microscopy on Cryo and Epoxy Sections Using Self-labeling Protein Tags. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 23. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-00033-x
Jackson, C. L., Walch, L., & Verbavatz, J.-M. (2016). Lipids and Their Trafficking: An Integral Part of Cellular Organization. Developmental Cell, 39(2), 139–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2016.09.030
Galmes, R., Houcine, A., van Vliet, A. R., Agostinis, P., Jackson, C. L., & Giordano, F. (2016). ORP5/ORP8 localize to endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contacts and are involved in mitochondrial function. EMBO Reports, 17(6), 800–810. https://doi.org/10.15252/embr.201541108
Farhat, R., Séron, K., Ferlin, J., Fénéant, L., Belouzard, S., Goueslain, L., Jackson, C. L., Dubuisson, J., & Rouillé, Y. (2016). Identification of class II ADP-ribosylation factors as cellular factors required for hepatitis C virus replication. Cellular Microbiology, 18(8), 1121–1133. https://doi.org/10.1111/cmi.12572
Moser von Filseck, J., Čopič, A., Delfosse, V., Vanni, S., Jackson, C. L., Bourguet, W., & Drin, G. (2015). Phosphatidylserine transport by ORP/Osh proteins is driven by phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate. Science, 349(6246), 432–436. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aab1346
Moser von Filseck, J., Copic, A., Delfosse, V., Vanni, S., Jackson, C. L., Bourguet, W., & Drin, G. (2015). INTRACELLULAR TRANSPORT. Phosphatidylserine transport by ORP/Osh proteins is driven by phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate. Science (New York, N.Y.), 349(6246), 432–436. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aab1346
Malinovska, L., Palm, S., Gibson, K., Verbavatz, J.-M., & Alberti, S. (2015). Dictyostelium discoideum has a highly Q/N-rich proteome and shows an unusual resilience to protein aggregation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 112(20), E2620-2629. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1504459112
Walch, L., Čopič, A., & Jackson, C. L. (2015). Fatty acid metabolism meets organelle dynamics. Developmental Cell, 32(6), 657–658. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2015.03.008
Jackson, C. L., & Bouvet, S. (2014). Arfs at a glance. Journal of Cell Science, 127(Pt 19), 4103–4109. https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.144899
Petkovic, M., Jemaiel, A., Daste, F., Specht, C. G., Izeddin, I., Vorkel, D., Verbavatz, J.-M., Darzacq, X., Triller, A., Pfenninger, K. H., Tareste, D., Jackson, C. L., & Galli, T. (2014). The SNARE Sec22b has a non-fusogenic function in plasma membrane expansion. Nature Cell Biology, 16(5), 434–444. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb2937
Petrovska, I., Nuske, E., Munder, M. C., Kulasegaran, G., Malinovska, L., Kroschwald, S., Richter, D., Fahmy, K., Gibson, K., Verbavatz, J.-M., & Alberti, S. (2014). Filament formation by metabolic enzymes is a specific adaptation to an advanced state of cellular starvation. ELife. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02409
Weber, B., Tranfield, E. M., Hoog, J. L., Baum, D., Antony, C., Hyman, T., Verbavatz, J.-M., & Prohaska, S. (2014). Automated stitching of microtubule centerlines across serial electron tomograms. PloS One, 9(12), e113222. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0113222
Gibson, K. H., Vorkel, D., Meissner, J., & Verbavatz, J.-M. (2014). Fluorescing the electron: strategies in correlative experimental design. Methods in Cell Biology, 124, 23–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801075-4.00002-1
Jackson, C. L. (2014). Arf Proteins and Their Regulators: At the Interface Between Membrane Lipids and the Protein Trafficking Machinery. In A. Wittinghofer (Ed.), Ras Superfamily Small G Proteins: Biology and Mechanisms 2: Transport (pp. 151–180). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07761-1_8
Bouvet, S., Golinelli-Cohen, M.-P., Contremoulins, V., & Jackson, C. L. (2013). Targeting of the Arf-GEF GBF1 to lipid droplets and Golgi membranes. Journal of Cell Science, 126(Pt 20), 4794–4805. https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.134254
Pranke, I. M., Morello, V., Bigay, J., Gibson, K., Verbavatz, J.-M., Antonny, B., & Jackson, C. L. (2011). α-Synuclein and ALPS motifs are membrane curvature sensors whose contrasting chemistry mediates selective vesicle binding. The Journal of Cell Biology, 194(1), 89–103. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201011118
Renaud, O., Aulner, N., Salles, A., Halidi, N., Brunstein, M., Mallet, A., Aumayr, K., Terjung, S., Levy, D., Lippens, S., Verbavatz, J.-M., Heuser, T., Santarella-Mellwig, R., Tinevez, J.-Y., Woller, T., Botzki, A., Cawthorne, C., Consortium, T. C., & Munck, S. (n.d.). Staying on track – Keeping things running in a high-end scientific imaging core facility. Journal of Microscopy, n/a(n/a). https://doi.org/10.1111/jmi.13304
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Jackson, C. L., & McNiven, M. A. (2020). The Hepatocellular Secretory Pathway. In The Liver (pp. 75–85). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119436812.ch7
GALLI, T., & Proux-Gillardeaux, V. (2018). VAMP1/2/3/7. In S. Choi (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules (pp. 5873–5883). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67199-4_627
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